Increasing Learning
  • Home
  • Blog
  • Books
  • Speaking
  • Free Resources
  • Contact Us

Bible Contradiction: When was Jesus Crucified?

2/18/2014

10 Comments

 
Picture
The crucifixion of Christ is the pivotal event of Scripture, but it is recounted to us from four different perspectives.  This occasionally gives rise to statements which seem to be contradictory.  When we come across these statements, it is important to consider the varying perspectives of the authors before jumping to the conclusion that there is a contradiction.  Most of these differences of perspective are included in the Skeptics Annotated Bible list of contradictions, and today, I would like to use one of the most difficult of those supposed contradictions to demonstrate how easily they can be resolved if we view the gospels as four eyewitness accounts each given from a different point of view.


One of the crucifixion contradictions that the Skeptics Annotated Bible lists as being unanswered is the supposed contradiction between John 19:14 and Mark 15:25.  Mark records that Jesus was crucified in the third hour of the day, but John writes that “it was about the sixth hour” when Pilate presented Jesus to the Jews and said “Behold your King!”  Now, this happened at the end of Jesus’ final trial before Pilate, so the contradiction seems to be that John has Jesus’ trial ending three hours after Mark says that Jesus was crucified. 

The answer which is presented in most commentaries on this passage is that the time given in John is a scribal error.  The claim is that some ancient scribe mistook the Greek letter γ for the letter ς thus changing the original time of the third hour to the sixth hour.  When I first read this claim, I asked why (if the letters are so easy to confuse) should we conclude that John’s account is the scribal error and not rather that Mark’s account was changed?  The answer to this is that Mark mentions the sixth hour a few verses later in chapter fifteen when he describes the darkness that covered the earth from the sixth hour until the ninth hour.  Thus, according to Mark, Jesus was crucified on the third hour, and He hung on the cross for three hours before the earth was covered in an unnatural darkness which lasted for another three hours at which time Jesus cried with a loud voice and died.  This is consistent with the accounts of Matthew and Luke and shows that third hour mentioned in Mark 15:25 could not be the same as the sixth hour.  Thus the commentaries claim that the time given in John is wrong and not that given in Mark.

The next consideration that I had in light of the commentaries was that, if John 19:14 originally said “the third hour” rather than “the sixth hour,” then the events described in this portion of John should match the events which Mark says took place during the third hour.  When we read Mark 15, we find that the third hour mentioned in verse 25 is a reference to the time when Jesus was actually fastened to His cross and crucified.  The verses leading up to verse 25 speak of Jesus being led away from His final trial from Pilate, then being given a purple robe and a crown of thorns, then being hit and mocked by the soldiers, then being stripped of the purple robe and given back His own clothes, then being led to Golgotha, then having Simon carry His cross, then being given wine mixed with myrrh to drink and finally, after all that, He was crucified.  It is only the last of these events, the actual crucifixion which is said by Mark to have occurred in the third hour.

When we turn to the account in John, however, we find a much different scene being described as the sixth hour than that which is described as the third hour in Mark.  In John’s account, Jesus is still standing before Pilate at this time.  In the verses leading up to John 19:14, we read of Pilate attempting to release Jesus.  First, he gave the people the choice between Jesus and Barabbas, then he had Jesus scourged and brought Him again before the Jews.  The Jews still cried out for Jesus to be crucified, and Pilate said that he found no fault in Him.  The Jews said that Jesus should die because He claimed to be the Son of God, so Pilate queried Jesus again, and again sought to release Him.  The Jews said that if Pilate did not crucify Jesus, then he would be guilty of treason against Caesar.  Pilate then brought Jesus before the Jews and said, “Behold your King!”  The Jews responded by shouting “Crucify him!”  This specific exchange is what John says took place “about the sixth hour.” 

A quick comparison of these two accounts shows that they are not describing the same event.  Mark is speaking of the moment when Jesus was actually crucified while John is referring to the time at which the Jews made their final demand for Jesus to be crucified.  Thus, if the commentaries are correct and John 19:14 originally read “the third hour,” then we would still have a contradiction between these two passages.  They would then be claiming that Jesus was in two completely different places at the same time. 

This shows us that the solution presented by the commentaries is incorrect, but it also reveals to us the possibility of a different solution.  If you double checked my description of the events described in John 19 and Mark 15, then you probably noticed that both accounts mention Christ being given a robe of purple and a crown of thorns and being hit and mocked by the Roman soldiers.  The fact that this event is described in both accounts gives us our first point of correlation which we can use to solve the supposed contradiction.  The next point of correlation is the fact that both accounts record Jesus being led from Pilate’s hall and to Golgotha to be crucified.  The first point of correlation is said to have occurred before both the sixth hour of John’s account and before the third hour of Mark’s account, but the second correlating event is after the sixth hour of John and before the third hour of Mark.  Everything that took place between the time that Pilate said “Behold your King!” and the time that Jesus’ cross was thrust into the ground occurred between the sixth hour of John and the third hour of Mark. 

In between the sixth hour of John and the third hour of Mark, Jesus was stripped of the robe of purple and was clothed in His own garments again.  Simon was compelled to carry the cross from Pilate’s judgment hall to Golgotha.  Jesus turned and gave a warning to the women of Jerusalem who were morning for Him (Luke 23:27-31).  He was then stripped of His garments again and offered wine mixed with myrrh before being nailed to the cross.  This was a lengthy chain of events which must have taken quite some time. 

So, what is the solution which makes sense of all of this?  It is simply that John’s sixth hour was the hour which the Roman government would have recorded as the time of Jesus’ sentencing while Mark’s third hour was the time that the Jews would have noted as the time that they saw Jesus on the cross.  In other words, John was using the Roman method of counting time while Mark was using the Jewish method. 

The differences between these two methods can be seen today.  America uses the Roman method of counting time, and the Sabbath day is the last day of the week or Saturday.  However, anyone familiar with Jewish celebrations of the Sabbath in America will know that the Sabbath actually starts on what Americans view as Friday evening.  You see, the Jews follow the biblical example of counting each day as an evening and a morning as opposed to the Roman method of counting each day as a midnight and a noon (the two points in the middle of the paths of the moon and the sun).  Thus, the Jews count the hours of the day as beginning at sunrise while the Romans count the hours of each day as beginning at midnight.  This means that Mark’s third hour of the Jewish day would correspond with 9:00 in the morning on a Roman clock.  Thus, the events of John’s Roman time of 6:00 would have occurred three hours before the events of Mark’s time of 9:00. 

This difference in calculating time allows for John 19:14 to occur before Mark 15:25 just as Scripture indicates.  It also allows plenty of time between the two to account for all the events which transpired between Jesus’ sentencing before Pilate and the carrying out of that sentence on Golgotha.  The entire contradiction boils down to nothing more than a difference of perspective.  One author gave the time from the perspective of the Romans who were carrying out the sentence while the other gave the time from the perspective the Jews who had demanded it.  Both accounts are correct, and they are easily reconciled when we take these perspectives into account.

Part 2: Did Jesus Die Before or After the Passover?


10 Comments
Tim McCoy
8/9/2014 11:20:31 pm

"So, what is the solution which makes sense of all of this? It is simply that John’s sixth hour was the hour which the Roman government would have recorded as the time of Jesus’ sentencing while Mark’s third hour was the time that the Jews would have noted as the time that they saw Jesus on the cross. In other words, John was using the Roman method of counting time while Mark was using the Jewish method. "

Nice interpretation. For me the Gospels are a challenge-parable about a historical character Jesus. It is an imitation of Jesus' own teaching style - the challenge-parable. These are fictional stories with the mission to provoke people into discussions & arguments triggering a paradigm-shift - they are not historical and do not profit from your analysis - in my view - for that reason. In my interpretation - you are calculating the planetary orbits with the earth in the center! The shift was the message that the Kingdom is on earth - now, it's non-violent and in covenant/cooperation with God (both personally through meditation-prayer and en mass by being your brother's keeper) - rather than an intervention by God to smite your foes. They are parables and they are a function of the times they were written...which was under the boot of Roman rule - and always - on the verge of racial extinction. (Babylon, Egypt, Greece, Rome...consider this list of empires overrunning the this region over the years)

Reply
Bill Fortenberry
8/9/2014 11:28:53 pm

Thank you for commenting, Tim. I appreciate your willingness to give my explanation a fair hearing and to voice your disagreement with it. Unfortunately, I'm afraid that I'm somewhat confused by your alternate explanation. You claimed that the Gospels are fictional stories which were written in imitation of Jesus' own teaching style, but everything that we know about the style of instruction used by Jesus is discovered in the Gospels. Thus, if the Gospels are fictional, then I am at a loss to explain what factual evidence you have used to ground your claim that they were intended to imitate the style of Jesus. Would you mind clearing this up for me?

Reply
Bukhtrashah
10/10/2014 06:30:27 am

Hey, since we are talking about the crucifixion. If crucifixion is the center point of the Christian faith why then they following contradictions.
Which Day?
Day Jesus crucified : Mathew, mark, Luke - First day of the passover.
John - the day before the Passover. 

How many people first came to the tomb?:
Mathew : 2 people came.
Mark : 3 people came. 
Luke : more than 4 people. 
John: 1 person. 

Who did they see at first when they entered the tomb:?
Mathew: An angel was seen 
Mark: A man was seen. 
Luke: 2 man were seen. 
John: No one was seen. 

What instructions did Jesus actually give to the people that he sees?:
Mark and Mathew: Go to galilee and I'll meet you there. 
Luke: don't go to galilee but stay here. 
Jesus's first appearances to: 
Mathew : two women named Mary. 
Mark: Mary Magdalene. 
Luke: cleopas and another women. 
John: Mary Magdalene. 

But plus of you are saying, it's the narratives perspective. But first note that none of the godpel writter were there during the time of Jesus.
Mathew believe to be written 50ad and mark Luke 60,70ad respectively. So they are actually no eyewitnesses but possible can if they would have lived till 100 years. But that not my point... Whether or not they were with jesus or not they certainly can't cintradict each other. Thank you.

Reply
Matthew
9/26/2017 07:09:47 am

For those who have eyes let them see and those who have ears let them hear. You can't understand the scriptures without the holy spirit of God. Every one of your claims are easily explained.

The Redneck Preacher
4/2/2015 10:48:00 pm

Bill...I'm a Christian Bible teacher who's a bit "unorthodox" in that I turned down ordination as a pastor to remain in the lay-class where we felt I could better serve my calling...which is to sportsmen, hunters & outdoorsmen. I'm CONSTANTLY studying and with this being Good Friday, 2015, I found your page & info on this 'contradiction' and now have a complete understanding of it. Thank you, sir, for sharing!!

Reply
jimmy bodley
7/8/2015 06:15:20 am

What really buffles me and I believe some other millions round the globe is only one question...why the discrepancies in this gospels?.why should there be contradictions if they are scriptures to be held in much esteem and actually are the cornerstones of the christian doctrines..Gods work and His inspirations must be flawless and must not be held in scrutiny by his creations...I believe any doubts raised on inspired words of or from god negates the authenticity of the purported authors or of the words themselves...the contradictions in the bible are so many that a human mind well versed in the verses therein cannot fathom how after all this centuries its still held as inspirational tenets that forms part and parcel of a doctrine to be believed in

Reply
Gum Boocho
3/8/2016 05:38:45 pm

The Bible has no 0 hour. Thus IMHO for the Jews 6 AM (or sunrise) wud be the 1st hour (not 0 hour). The 7AM would be 2nd hour, & 8AM would be 3rd hour. Why are all these folk saying that 9AM was the 3rd hour?

Reply
Derek
1/28/2019 09:18:36 am

Then what hour is John referring to in Jn. 4:6:? 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM or 6:00 PM? These are the only two specific verses that John uses concerning time and they both use the sixth hour.

Reply
Claire Freund
5/14/2022 03:08:33 am

Hi Bill,

I really appreciate your dedication and calm tone of voice. I've only relatively recently become interested in the Bible and Christian apologetics, and because I'm interested in the two at the same time, it's quite a challenge! - I'm slowly reading the Bible, while at the same time trying to understand the commentary both for and against.

At the moment the thought I keep coming back to is, why is it necessary to insist that the Bible is the inerrant word of God at all? Doesn't it work equally well to believe that Jesus existed and the accounts of his life were written by normal, fallible human beings?

(I do appreciate my own contradiction here - I'm really not sure what the point is, but I find it super interesting anyway!)

Reply
Bill Fortenberry
5/14/2022 04:35:26 am

Hi, Claire. Thanks for commenting. The doctrine of inerrancy is one of the foundational doctrines taught in the Bible, and it follows logically from my view of the inspiration of Scripture. If the Bible was directly and intentionally authored by God Himself, then it must be inerrant because He is inerrant. A denial of the doctrine of inerrancy is necessarily a denial of the doctrine of inspiration. You can read my argument for the inspiration of Scripture at this link: http://www.increasinglearning.com/blog/a-biblical-view-of-inspiration

Additionally, I hold to the doctrine of inerrancy because I have found that doctrine to be simply true. I have personally investigated about 500 separate claims of error or contradictions in the Bible, and I have found all of those claims to be false. I hold to the doctrine of inerrancy because, after more than 30 years of intense study, I have yet to find a single error within the pages of Scripture.

Reply

Your comment will be posted after it is approved.


Leave a Reply.

    Picture
    Bill Fortenberry is a Christian philosopher and historian in Birmingham, AL.  Bill's work has been cited in several legal journals, and he has appeared as a guest on shows including The Dr. Gina Show, The Michael Hart Show, and Real Science Radio.

    Contact Us if you would like to schedule Bill to speak to your church, group, or club.

    "Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser: teach a just man, and he will increase in learning." (Proverbs 9:9)

    Search


    Topics

    All
    Abortion
    American History
    Apologetics
    Archaeology
    Atonement
    Benjamin Franklin
    Bible
    Bible Contradiction
    Buddhism
    Calvinism
    Children
    Christmas
    Citizenship
    Coaching
    Context
    Covid
    Creation
    Debate
    Doctrine
    Evolution
    Geography
    Government
    Homosexuality
    Immigration
    Islam
    James Wilson
    John Adams
    Marriage
    Masks
    Meditation
    Morality
    Mormonism
    Open Theism
    Parenting
    Politics
    Sacrifice
    Sam Harris
    Science
    Self Defense
    Self-Defense
    Slavery
    Solon
    Soteriology
    Strategy
    Tactical Faith
    Textual Criticism
    The KJV
    Theology
    Vaccines
    Video

    Archives

    June 2025
    May 2025
    April 2025
    March 2025
    February 2025
    January 2025
    December 2024
    November 2024
    October 2024
    September 2024
    June 2024
    April 2024
    March 2024
    January 2024
    December 2023
    November 2023
    April 2023
    February 2023
    December 2022
    November 2022
    October 2022
    September 2022
    June 2022
    May 2022
    April 2022
    February 2022
    January 2022
    December 2021
    October 2021
    September 2021
    August 2021
    July 2021
    April 2021
    February 2021
    January 2021
    October 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    June 2020
    April 2020
    March 2020
    February 2020
    January 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    June 2019
    April 2019
    February 2019
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2018
    April 2018
    February 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017
    October 2017
    September 2017
    May 2017
    April 2017
    March 2017
    February 2017
    January 2017
    December 2016
    November 2016
    October 2016
    September 2016
    August 2016
    July 2016
    June 2016
    May 2016
    April 2016
    January 2016
    December 2015
    July 2015
    June 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    November 2014
    September 2014
    August 2014
    July 2014
    June 2014
    May 2014
    April 2014
    March 2014
    February 2014
    January 2014

    RSS Feed

  • Home
  • Blog
  • Books
  • Speaking
  • Free Resources
  • Contact Us